Determination of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Compounds Based on Machine Learning

In 2020, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus spread rapidly all over the world. In the absence of a specific drug, novel coronavirus is still pandemic all over the world. In this paper, we proposed an improved molecular activity prediction model by adding feature selection method on the basis of comparing different methods to extract molecular features and machine learning models. We first used the anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds reported in recent literatures to construct the data set, and then constructed three machine learning models. In addition, we tried to use three methods to extract molecular features in each model. In order to further improve the performance of the model, we add three feature selection methods. Through the comparison of different models, finally, we used FCFP to extract molecular features and added lasso feature selection method to establish the SVM model. Its test set accuracy is 90.0%, and the AUC value is 0.961, which could well predict the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the compound. Our model can be used to speed up the research and discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. © 2022 IEEE.

Multi-subject collaborative prevention and control of adolescent myopia in China

Improving the system of adolescent myopia prevention and control and promoting adolescent healthy development is one of the main directions of healthy China construction in the new era. The paper reviewed national myopia policies and local practices and proposed reflections on the high burden and complex etiology of myopia among adolescents as well as unclear role and lack of coordination mandate during the COVID-19 epidemic. Based on the synergy theory through the analysis of the functional positioning of multiple subjects in the prevention and control of myopia the paper highlighted the multi-party linkage of government schools medical institutions communities families and markets profiling the resources and advantages of each subject as well as dynamic management of adolescent myopia as well as a multi-subject collaborative prevention and control system with national unity clear rights and responsibilities and long-term cooperation. © 2023 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization. All rights reserved.

Swine nutrition and environment

Evidently, pathogens and swine herd health are regarded as the top risk factors that can potentially disrupt normal pork production. Since the last edition of the Sustainable Swine Nutrition edited by Chiba, unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic challenges and disruptive cell-based new meat production technologies have emerged, which need to be touched on in the context. COVID-19 has been causing enormous damages in losses of a large number of human lives and disruption of global social and economic activities, being regarded as the most severe pandemic occurred within the past century ever since the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. Carbon is fundamental in metabolic energy-contributing ingredients, namely starch, proteins, oils and fats, and nonstarch polysaccharides, and is an essential component measured during indirect calorimetry experimentation. Gut microbiota contributes to digestion and degradation of dietary carbon nutrients in pigs. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Investigation on the cross-infection control performance of interactive cascade ventilation in multi-scenario of winter

With the wide spread of COVID-19, numerous cases demonstrate that proper ventilation method can reduce the cross-infection risk obviously. Interactive cascade ventilation (ICV) as a recently proposed ventilation method, the advantage of indoor environment construction has been proven. However, few studies are conducted to investigate the virus prevention and control characteristics of ICV, which is particularly important under epidemic normalizing. Hence, this study explored and compared the cross-infection control performance of three ventilation strategies, namely mixing ventilation (MV), stratum ventilation (SV), and interactive cascade ventilation (ICV), with a validated CFD model. A typical office was selected as the background scene, where an infected person coughs, sneezes with standing or sitting at different positions. Exposure doses, health infection risk, and disease burden (DB) were employed as the evaluation indicators under different ventilation methods of multi-scenario. The research results indicated that the average aerosol exposure dose among the human respiratory region under ICV was 0.29 g/day, which was reduced by 67 % and 50 % compared with MV and SV. In addition, only in ICV can the health infection risk meets the EPA standard. The average disease health burden for exposed persons under ICV was 0.93 × 10−6 DALYs pppy, which was 37 % and 70 % lower than SV and MV. The findings obtained from this study confirm that ICV performs excellently in reducing the cross-infection risk, providing the theoretical basis for future epidemic prevention and control. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

A review of different ventilation methods for controlling the transmission of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic

With the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping worldwide, much attention has been paid to infectious viruses. Because of the different sizes of pathogen-carrying droplets exhaled by individuals infected with COVID-19, the influence of gravity and inertia on the droplets varies, which leads to different modes of transmission of the virus. Ventilation changes the air distribution in a room, and affects virus transmission. An appropriate ventilation method that reduces the floating time of viruses and the exposure rate of the human body should be selected. Although previous studies have extensively reviewed methods to reduce the airborne transmission of viruses, research on ventilation methods remain limited. This review aimed to explore a ventilation mode that could ensure the thermal comfort and maintain low exposure and infection rates in the human body. This study investigated the transmission modes of the virus and the importance of particle size. The effects of mixing ventilation, displacement ventilation, impinging jet ventilation, and stratum ventilation on the removal of different particle sizes and applications at various locations were compared. The results of this study can contribute to reducing the indoor virus concentrations during the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

A Systematic Review of Multimodal Approaches to Online Misinformation Detection

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of pandemic-related misinformation on social media has had a significantly adverse impact on society. The sources of such misinformation usually use not only well-tailored text but also eye-catching images to establish their credibility. In this paper, we present an overview of current efforts on the task of detecting online COVID-19 conspiracy theory and misinformation. We perform a review of multimedia misinformation datasets related to the topic and an exploratory study on the state-of-the-art approaches towards these tasks. These approaches fuse textual analysis with modeling of images, propagation graphs, user reputation and fact-checking to build a comprehensive multimodal understanding of online misinformation. Our analysis indicates that using modalities in addition to text has a significant improvement on the performance of detecting misinformation, and out of the modalities presented, modeling user reputation and graph with social data are the most effective approaches. We conclude that a dataset that unifies all modalities is needed, and we present several promising directions for future research. © 2022 IEEE.

Design and Application of Piano Micro-teaching Mode under the Environment of 'Internet +'

In the era of 'Internet +', it is a trend to apply various information technology and information teaching modes to piano teaching. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has provided a new opportunity for the construction of a real school curriculum teaching model in the era of 'Internet +'. With the help of the thinking and technology in the era of 'Internet +', this paper studies the design principle and teaching mode of piano micro lessons in universities. This paper analyzes the influence of the learning data such as watching times, watching hours and talking times of teaching video on the online platform on the students' piano performance level, and studies the effect of this effect to find out the relationship between them. In order to open up new ways, new links and new processes of piano micro-course teaching, enrich and expand the content of piano teaching, break through and innovate the traditional piano teaching method, realize the upgrade, optimization and reform of piano course resources, and achieve the expected teaching effect. © 2022 IEEE.

Detecting COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories with Transformers and TF-IDF

The sharing of fake news and conspiracy theories on social media has wide-spread negative effects. By designing and applying different machine learning models, researchers have made progress in detecting fake news from text. However, existing research places a heavy emphasis on general, common-sense fake news, while in reality fake news often involves rapidly changing topics and domain-specific vocabulary. In this paper, we present our methods and results for three fake news detection tasks at MediaEval benchmark 2021 that specifically involve COVID-19 related topics. We experiment with a group of text-based models including Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, BERT, and RoBERTa. We find that a pre-trained transformer yields the best validation results, but a randomly initialized transformer with smart design can also be trained to reach accuracies close to that of the pre-trained transformer. Copyright 2021 for this paper by its authors.

Surveillance of Mental and Behavioral Health Care Utilization and Use of Telehealth, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1 January 2019–30 September 2020

This analysis of population-level health care utilization data evaluates changes in monthly counts and rates of medical encounters for mental and behavioral health (MH/BH) conditions and the proportion of care delivered via tele-health among active component military members of the U.S. Armed Forces during the first 6 months (March–September 2020) of the COVID-19 pan-demic. Comparisons are also made to the same time period in the previous year (2019). Telehealth usage increased during the early pandemic and was on average 25% higher during March–September 2020 as compared to the previous year. In contrast, MH/BH outpatient visit rates declined modestly between March and May 2020 before rebounding in June and remaining sta-ble through September 2020. The number of bed days attributable to MH/BH conditions also declined during March and April 2020 and was on average 30% lower during March–September 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Continued surveillance is warranted to track MH/BH health care utilization during the later months of the pandemic to ensure that suf-ficient resources continue to be directed towards MH/BH care to support the health and readiness of active component service members. © 2021, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. All rights reserved.

"I need to be professional until my new team uses emoji, GIFs, or memes first'': New Collaborators' Perspectives on Using Non-Textual Communication in Virtual Workspaces

Virtual workspaces rapidly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and for many new collaborators, working remotely was their first introduction to their colleagues. Building rapport is essential for a healthy work environment, and while this can be achieved through non-textual responses within chat-based systems (e.g., emoji, GIF, stickers, memes), those non-textual responses are typically associated with personal relationships and informal settings. We studied the experiences of new collaborators (questionnaire N=49;interview N=14) in using non-textual responses to communicate with unacquainted teams and the effect of non-textual responses on new collaborators' interpersonal bonds. We found new collaborators selectively and progressively use non-textual responses to establish interpersonal bonds. Moreover, the use of non-textual responses has exposed several limitations when used on various platforms. We conclude with design recommendations such as expanding the scope of interpretable non-textual responses and reducing selection time. © 2022 ACM.

Understanding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transportation-related Behaviors with Human Mobility Data

The constrained outbreak of COVID-19 in Mainland China has recently been regarded as a successful example of fighting this highly contagious virus. Both the short period (in about three months) of transmission and the sub-exponential increase of confirmed cases in Mainland China have proved that the Chinese authorities took effective epidemic prevention measures, such as case isolation, travel restrictions, closing recreational venues, and banning public gatherings. These measures can, of course, effectively control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, they may dramatically change the human mobility patterns, such as the daily transportation-related behaviors of the public. To better understand the impact of COVID-19 on transportation-related behaviors and to provide more targeted anti-epidemic measures, we use the huge amount of human mobility data collected from Baidu Maps, a widely-used Web mapping service in China, to look into the detail reaction of the people there during the pandemic. To be specific, we conduct data-driven analysis on transportation-related behaviors during the pandemic from the perspectives of 1) means of transportation, 2) type of visited venues, 3) check-in time of venues, 4) preference on "origin-destination'' distance, and 5) "origin-transportation-destination'' patterns. For each topic, we also give our specific insights and policy-making suggestions. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is still spreading in more than 200 overseas countries, infecting millions of people worldwide, the insights and suggestions provided here may help fight COVID-19. © 2020 ACM.

Analysis on material basis and efficacy network of Huopo Xialing Decoction in treating damp pathogen stagnation of lung syndrome of early COVID-19

Objective: To screen the material basis of Huopu Xialing Decoction in the treatment of damp pathogen stagnation of lung syndrome of early COVID-19 and predict its mechanism. Methods: Literatures and clinical reports were reviewed to analyze the relationship between Huopu Xialing Decoction and damp pathogen stagnation of lung syndrome of early stage of COVID-19. TCMSP database was used to screen the potential active components in Huopo Xialing Decoction. Molecular docking of the active components with SARS-CoV-2 hydrolase and ACE2 was also carried out. According to the binding ability, the core components with both were screened. The interaction network of key components target proteins was constructed by using the software of Cytoscape to screen the main targets;The GO analysis of the main targets was carried out by using the STRING database, and the Pathway and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out by using the plug-in of the software ClueGO of Cytoscape. Results: The Huopo Xialing Decoction was used to treat the early coronavirus pneumonia with damp pathogen and lung depression syndrome in the relationship analysis between prescriptions and syndrome, and the potential components of the 12 ingredients in Huopo Xialing Decoction were selected, with 67 core targets. Among them, paryriogenin I from Tetrapanax papyrifer, ergosterol peroxide from Poria cocos and Polyporus umbellatus, baicalin from Pinellia ternata had good binding activity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and ACE2. The results of enrichment analysis of GO, Pathway and KEGG showed that 12 potential components in Huopo Xialing Decoction were involved in regulating the biological processes such as stimulation response, signal transduction, cell death and the related signaling pathways including interleukins, EGFR in cancer, tyrosine kinases, programmed cell death and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: For the early COVID-19 patients with the syndrome of damp pathogen stagnation of lung, Huopo Xialing Decoction was used to resolve dampness and detoxification, and ventilate lung and promote pathogenic penetration. Phenanthrone, baicalin, jujuboside_qt, cerevisterol, hederagenin, ergosterol peroxide, citrostadienol, ergosterol-7,22-diene-3-one, paryriogenin I, alisol B,23-acetate, alisol B, neohesperidin may be the main material basis, and play a role by blocking the protein synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus, preventing the virus from entering the host cells, regulating the IL signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of related inflammatory factors.

55-Day-Old Female Infant infected with COVID 19: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage ;The Journal of Infectious Diseases ;Oxford Academic

Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were mainly based on information from adult populations. Limited data are available for children with COVID-19, especially for infected infants. We report a 55-day-old case with COVID-19 confirmed in China and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of the patient, including the disease progression from day 7 to day 11 of illness. This case highlights that children with COVID-19 can also present with multiple organ damage and rapid disease changes. When managing such patients, frequent and careful clinical monitoring is essential.